Vađenje zuba je uklanjanje zuba iz njegovog ležišta u kosti. Ako zub je bio slomljen ili oštećen karijesom, Vaš stomatolog će pokušati popraviti ga plombom, krunicom ili na neki drugi način. Ponekad je zub je toliko oštećen da ga je nemoguće popraviti. Ovo je najčešći razlog za vađenje zuba.
Umnjaci, koji se nazivaju i treći kutnjaci, često se vade pre ili nakon što niknu. Oni obično niču u kasnim tinejdžerskim godinama ili ranim dvadesetim. Ovi zubi su često blokirani u vilici i ne mogu da niknu. Zbog toga se moraju hirurški odstraniti jer izazivaju bolove, otok i iritaciju desni.
Vaš stomatolog će rentgenski snimiti to područje kako bi se napravio plan za najbolji način uklanjanja zuba. Moguće je da će Vam prepisati i antibiotike koje treba uzimati pre i posle operacije. Takođe ne bi trebalo jesti ili piti ništa šest ili osam sati pre procedure.
Postoje dve vrste vađenja zuba: Jednostavno vađenje zuba je vađenje zuba koji se može videti u ustima. Ovakvo vađenje obavlja svaki stomatolog. Većinom se vrši u lokalnoj anesteziji, odnosno injekcija anestezije se daje pored zuba. Stomatolog će obuhvatiti zub forcepsom (kleštima) i rasklimati ga pomeranjem napred-nazad. Nakon toga će ga iščupati.
Pogledajte demonstracioni video:
Hirurško vađenje zuba uključuje vađenje zuba koji ne može da se vidi u ustima, odnosno nije nikao. Da bi video i izvadio zub, stomatolog mora iseći i povući desni. Povlačenjem desni omogućava se pristup zubu. U nekim slučajevima, zub treba iseći u komade kako bi mogao biti uklonjen. Hirurško vađenje zuba obično obavlja oralni hirurg. Većinom se i ono vrši u lokalnoj anesteziji, ali bolesnici s posebnim medicinskim stanjem ponekad zahtevaju i opštu anesteziju.
Pogledajte demonstracioni video:
Ako je potrebno izvaditi sva četiri umnjaka, oni se obično vade istovremeno. Gornje zube je obično lakše ukloniti nego donje.
Obično vađenje zuba ne uzrokuje mnogo neprijatnosti nakon postupka, ali je moguće da će Vam nakon procedure 2-3 dana biti potrebni lekovi protiv bolova.
Budući da je hirurško vađenje zuba složenije, obično uzrokuje i više bola nakon postupka. Skoro uvek se prepisuju lekovi protiv bolova i antibiotici. Bol uglavnom nestaje nakon nekoliko dana. Možete staviti led da smanjite otok nakon operacije. Jedite kašastu i hladnu hranu nekoliko dana. Zatim probajte drugu hranu ako Vam bude prijala. Blago ispiranje toplom vodom sa solju, 24 sata nakon operacije, može pomoći da se područje održava čistim. Stavite pola kašičice soli na šolju vode. Većina otoka i krvarenje potpuno nestaje dan ili dva nakon operacije.
Izvori:
Consumer Guide to Dentistry
Simple Steps to Better Dental Health
Tooth extraction is the removal of a tooth from its socket in the bone. If a tooth has been broken or damaged by decay, your dentist will try to fix it with a filling, crown or other treatment. Sometimes, though, there’s too much damage for the tooth to be repaired. This is the most common reason for extracting a tooth.
Wisdom teeth, also called third molars, are often extracted either before or after they come in. They commonly come in during the late teens or early 20s. These teeth often get stuck in the jaw (impacted) and do not come in. They need to be removed if they are decayed or cause pain. Some wisdom teeth are blocked by other teeth or may not have enough room to come in completely. This can irritate the gum, causing pain and swelling. In this case, the tooth must be removed.
Your dentist will take an X-ray of the area to help plan the best way to remove the tooth.
Some health care professionals prescribe antibiotics to be taken before and after surgery.
You will be told not to eat or drink anything for six or eight hours before the procedure. You also should make sure you have someone available to drive you home after the surgery.
There are two types of extractions:
A simple extraction is performed on a tooth that can be seen in the mouth. General dentists commonly do simple extractions. Most of these can be done using just an injection (a local anesthetic), with or without anti-anxiety drugs. In a simple extraction, the dentist will grasp the tooth with forceps and loosen it by moving the forceps back and forth. Then the tooth will be pulled out. Sometimes the dentist will use a dental “elevator” to help loosen the tooth. This is an instrument that fits between the tooth and the gum.
Demo video:
A surgical extraction involves teeth that cannot be seen easily in the mouth. They may have broken off at the gum line or they may not have come in yet. To see and remove the tooth, the dentist or oral surgeon must cut and pull back the gums. Pulling back the gum “flap” provides access to remove bone and/or a piece of the tooth.
Surgical extractions commonly are done by oral surgeons. They are done with injections (local anesthesia), and you can also have conscious sedation. Patients with special medical conditions and young children may be given general anesthesia. In a surgical extraction, the dentist will need to make a cut (incision) in your gum to reach the tooth. In some cases, the tooth will need to be cut into pieces to be removed.
Demo video:
If you need all four wisdom teeth removed, they are usually taken out at the same time. The top teeth are usually easier to remove than the lower ones.
Most simple extractions do not cause much discomfort after the procedure. You may take an over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen for several days. You may not need any pain medicine at all.
Because surgical extractions are more complicated, they generally cause more pain after the procedure. The level of discomfort and how long it lasts will depend on the difficulty of the extraction. Your dentist may prescribe pain medicine for a few days.. Most pain disappears after a couple of days.
You can put ice packs on your face to reduce swelling after the operation. Eat soft and cool foods for a few days. Then try other food as you feel comfortable. A gentle rinse with warm salt water, started 24 hours after the surgery, can help to keep the area clean. Use one-half teaspoon of salt in a cup of water. Most swelling and bleeding end within a day or two after the surgery.
Sources:
Consumer Guide to Dentistry
Simple Steps to Better Dental Health
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